3. Comparative Genomics

From the Stage 2 SACE Biology course outline, this video discusses: - Comparative genomics provides evidence for evolution and helps establish the likely evolutionary relationship between different species. • Describe the technique of DNA-DNA hybridisation. • Describe how evidence from the following techniques may be used: – sequencing of common proteins (e.g. cytochromes) – DNA–DNA hybridisation – DNA sequencing, including rRNA gene sequencing - Phylogenetic tree diagrams represent evolutionary relationships. • Draw and analyse simple phylogenetic tree diagrams to represent evolutionary relationships. - Mutations accumulate over time. If the mutation rate is known, it can be used as a ‘clock’. - More closely related species have fewer differences in their DNA sequences and have separated more recently than distantly related species.