The problem:
1. Given two words (start and end), and a dictionary, find the length of the shortest transformation sequence from start to end.
2. Only one letter can be changed at a time, each intermediate word must exist in the dictionary.
Example:
start = "hit" - "ait" - "bit" - "dot" = 1
end = "cog"
dictionary = ["hot","dot","dog","lot","log"]
Note: Shortest Path is '5'.
Steps to Approach:
1. Check the end word is in the Dictionary, if not return 0. Add the end word to the dictionary.
2. Treat each word as a node and an edge exists between two nodes if they differ by exactly one letter.
3. Use a queue to track the current word and the number of transformations needed.
4. Use a set to keep track of visited words.
5. If we reach the end word, return the transformation count.
6. If we exhaust the queue without finding the end word, return 0 (meaning no transformation sequence exists).
Time Complexity:
The time complexity is O(N×M2)O(N \times M^2)O(N×M2):
• NNN is the number of words in the dictionary.
• MMM is the length of each word, as we iterate over each character to create transformations.
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