45 Degree lunge is part of a stage 2 protocol of Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome. (PFPS)
The exercise is performed by lunging forward to get the correct foot position and only sinking into the lunge until the knee is at 45 degrees. Then return to standing and repeat the lunge process.
PFPS is a common condition that particularly can effect runners. It has an insidious onset (gradual over time with no real incident to cause it) and can become debilitating. It normally shows itself with knee pain when squatting, knee pain after running, knee pain whilst running, knee pain when bending and knee pain after squats.
PFPS knee pain is treatable and I have put together a range of PFPS exercises. these will all be placed in a playlist or hosted on my website. https://spireinjuryclinic.com/pfps