5.1 Angle Exponential Modulation and Instantaneous Frequency

Here we introduce angle (exponential) modulation and its two different parts: Phase Modulation (PM) and Frequency Modulation (FM). We present the general expressions. The concept of instantaneous frequency and the relation between FM and PM are also covered. Then, we address the restrictions on the proportionality phase constant kp. We also present the power of PM and FM signals.