8. DNA Sequencing & Profiling

From the Stage 2 SACE Biology course outline, this video discusses: - DNA can be extracted from cells. - Modern techniques can be used to analyse even small amounts of DNA. - Segments of DNA can be multiplied using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). • Describe PCR, including the roles of – heating and cooling – primers – free nucleotides – heat-resistant enzymes. - The base sequence of DNA can be determined by electrophoresis. • Describe electrophoresis. - The results of electrophoresis may be displayed in an electropherogram. • Interpret electropherograms that illustrate DNA sequences. - DNA sequencing enables mapping of species’ genomes. - The results of electrophoresis can be used to construct DNA profiles. They may be displayed in an electropherogram or in a table of data. - DNA profiling identifies the unique genetic makeup of individuals. • Interpret electropherograms and tables of data that illustrate DNA profiles. • Explain how differences in DNA fragments, identified by DNA profiling, can be used; for example, in forensic science. • Discuss the ethical, economic, and cultural issues related to the collection of genetic information.