Acid base disorders with case discussion

Metabolic acidosis Metabolic alkalosis Respiratory acidosis Respiratory alkalosis Acidosis decreased pH Alkalosis increased pH Metabolic acidosis primary defect- decreased bicarbonate Compensation - hyperventilation by lungs Causes High anion gap metabolic acidosis DKA lactic acidosis renal failure organic aciduria aminoacidurias Normal anion gap metabolic acidosis Diarrhea RTA intestinal fistula Metabolic alkalosis primary defect- increased bicarbonate Compensated by Respiratory mechanism- hypoventilation causes vomiting upper git obstruction adrenal tumor Cushing syndrome glucocorticoid excess mineralocorticoid excess Respiratory acidosis primary defect- increased pCO2 Compensated by renal conservation of bicarbonate Causes pneumonia COPD asthma Narcotics and sedatives paralysis of respiratory muscles Respiratory alkalosis primary defect- decreased pCO2 Compensated by - renal excretion of bicarbonate Causes Hypoxia High altitude Hysteria hyperventilation