Starting from the rightmost digit of the binary number, multiply each digit by powers of 2 (2⁰, 2¹, 2², …) and add the results.
Example 1:
Binary: 1011
1×2³ + 0×2² + 1×2¹ + 1×2⁰
= 8 + 0 + 2 + 1
= 11
➡️ Decimal = 11
Example 2:
Binary: 11001
1×2⁴ + 1×2³ + 0×2² + 0×2¹ + 1×2⁰
= 16 + 8 + 0 + 0 + 1
= 25
➡️ Decimal = 25
