CAPS Lecture 1

Basics questions for CAPS 1. What is process design? 2. What is evaporation? 3. What is distillation? 4. What is crystallization? 5. What is filtration? 6. What is Condensation? 7. what is sedimentation? Answers: 1.In chemical engineering, process design is the choice and sequencing of units for desired physical and/or chemical transformation of materials 2.Evaporation is the process by which water changes from a liquid to a gas or vapor. Evaporation is the primary pathway that water moves from the liquid state back into the water cycle as atmospheric water vapor 3.Distillation is the process of separating the components or substances from a liquid mixture by using selective boiling and condensation 4.Crystallization or crystallization is the (natural or artificial) process by which a solid forms, where the atoms or molecules are highly organized into a structure known as a crystal. 5.Filtration is the process of separating suspended solid matter from a liquid, by causing the latter to pass through the pores of some substance, called a filter. The liquid which has passed through the filter is called the filtrate. 6.Condensation is the change of the physical state of matter from the gas phase into the liquid phase, and is the reverse of vaporization. 7.Sedimentation is a physical water treatment process using gravity to remove suspended solids from water.Solid particles entrained by the turbulence of moving water may be removed naturally by sedimentation in the still water of lakes and oceans.