cell cycle overview- mitosis

The process by which new cells arise from other living cells is called cell division. In a population of dividing cells, whether inside the body or in a culture dish, each cell passes through a series of defined stages, which constitutes the cell cycle. Although cell division occurs in all organisms, it takes place very differently in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Two distinct types of eukaryotic cell division- Mitosis Meiosis Two major phases based on cellular activities readily visible with a light microscope: M phase and Interphase. M phase includes (1) the process of mitosis , during which duplicated chromosomes are separated into two nuclei, and (2) cytokinesis , during which the entire cell divides into two daughter cells. Lasts only an hour or so in mammalian cells, Interphase – The period between cell divisions, is a time when the cell grows and engages in diverse metabolic activities. May extend for days, weeks, or longer, depending on the cell type and the conditions. A resting phase where the cell has left the cycle and has stopped dividing. Non-proliferative (non-dividing) cells in multicellular eukaryotes generally enter the quiescent G0 state from G1 and may remain quiescent for long periods of time, possibly indefinitely (as is often the case for neurons). This is very common for cells that are fully differentiated. Interphase proceeds in three stages: G1(Gap)PHASE- S (synthesis) PHASE - G2 (Gap) PHASE Mitosis is the process by which a eukaryotic cell separates the chromosomes in its cell nucleus into two identical sets in two nuclei (karyokinesis). During the process of mitosis the pairs of chromosomes condense and attach to microtubules that pull the sister chromatids to opposite sides of the cell. These phases are sequentially known as: Prophase Prometaphase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Mitosis accomplishes the segregation of duplicated chromosomes into daughter nuclei, but the cell is divided into two daughter cells by a separate process called cytokinesis. Mitosis is immediately followed by cytokinesis, which divides the nuclei, cytoplasm, organelles and cell membrane into two cells containing roughly equal shares of these cellular components The first hint of cytokinesis in most animal cells appears during anaphase as an indentation of the cell surface in a narrow band around the cell.