Comparing Momentum Models - Testing Physics

I've received a lot of comments from some individuals that claim the standard textbook definition of momentum is wrong, that momentum doesn't care about the direction an object is going in, that springs can store momentum, and that the standard textbook description of energy is incorrect. Here, I do a side by side comparison of the standard textbook model of momentum (first developed by Isaac Newton) and this alternative model, so we can determine which model matches with experimental data. Newton's Principia pdf: https://redlightrobber.com/red/links_pdf/Isaac-Newton-Principia-English-1846.pdf Definitions I and II (defining momentum) on page 79 of the pdf Corollary III (conservation of momentum) on page 92 of the pdf Testing the motion sensors: https://youtu.be/yHVhCW9q4yg Previous experiments with collisions and how springs store energy: https://youtu.be/SaucryPVE4I Full Series Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLQzpF6G7qUZBJO-y6JHY4GAy33BneO-9U 0:00 Introduction 1:03 Newton's view of momentum (Principia deep dive) 12:34 Proposed alternative model of momentum 14:28 Model comparison (summary) 16:52 Experimental setup 21:00 Test one (models match) 23:20 Test two (models still match) 27:54 Test three (alternative model disagrees with experiment) 31:34 Test four (more disagreement with alternative model) 35:44 Test five (alternative model continues to fail) 40:09 Test six (springs don’t store momentum) 45:30 Test seven (springs do store energy) 47:31 Overall results Opening Image Credit: NASA, ESA, CSA, Janice Lee (NSF's NOIRLab) https://webbtelescope.org/contents/media/images/2023/104/01GS812G7AGRG6D1WCXPS3EYZ5