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Control structures are the foundations of programming, being used in combination to develop functional software applications. The three controls structures which are used as these foundations are that of sequence, selection and iteration.
Sequence
The control structure of sequence is used to represent the order steps in which an algorithm is to be executed. In pseudocode, the steps are placed between BEGIN and END, which are accompanied by the name of the program / subprogram. Sequence reflects the logical order that steps need to take place for a system to run correctly.
Selection
Selection is control structure used within a program in order to make a logical decision. A choice is made in selection based on user input in response to a condition. There are two types of selection used for different scenarios: binary (2 choices) and case (multi-way selection).
Iteration (Repetition)
Iteration refers to a loop that allows several steps to be repeated until a condition is satisfied. A condition needs to be established for a loop, otherwise it is capable of repeating an infinite amount of times. The steps that are repeated are known as the ‘body’ of the loop. There are three types of repetition: pre-test (guarded loop), post-test (unguarded loop) and for/next.
