XOR ciphers take advantage of Ascii encoding and basic bit switching operations. They are extremely fast, but not particularly secure when used alone, without a key exchange algorithm. XOR ciphers make up much of the basis of how modern encryption works.
More Crypto 101:
ADFVGX - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y5-ory-Z25g
Pigpen - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bUlIvx0fgV8
Homophonic Cipher - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sB_3fcO8G24
Vigenère Cipher - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QzizXgWGjcM
Cracking Substitution Ciphers - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p99Wo_rr7OA
Caesar shift and Atbash - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BbcYLI_3mNA
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