Early Ungulates and Convergent Evolution

UNGULATES Pt.1/3 Part one about the early ungulates and isolated animals from South America Part two : https://youtu.be/Fgn21UhjjDU?si=odDED3TQgjb4DKi3 Part three : https://youtu.be/E16jl4kSPbc?si=hKoSh4iv6tlxcRf5 Music by White Bat audio https://www.youtube.com/@WhiteBatAudio Written by myself and read by NaturalReaders : https://www.naturalreaders.com/ Tumbnail : montage with Harrison Keller Pyle's art Illustrations by Satoshi Kawasaki, Roman Uchytel, Daniel Gredinia, Mario Lanzas, Christopher Lenin and Ceri Thomas Icons next to names indicate the diet : 🥚 Eggs 🪲 Terrestrial arthropods 🍇 Fruits 🍄 Mushrooms 💀 Carrion 🦎 Small vertebrates 🥩 Meat 🌿 Vegetation 🥔 Tubers 🌱 Seaweed / Algae 🌾 Grass 🌰 Seeds / Nuts The whole playlist : https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLZFljdk_R2daQUpjwiAOvjlP8M0rt5a8H&si=9m9DHGTqJrOssKlI Sources and more informations about the animals shown : Chriacus - https://www.prehistoric-wildlife.com/species/c/chriacus.html Hilalia - https://www.mindat.org/taxon-P100785.html Harpagolestes - https://prehistoric-fauna.com/Harpagolestes-immanis Sinonyx - https://www.mindat.org/taxon-4832493.html Mesonyx - https://prehistoric-fauna.com/Mesonyx Phenacodus - https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=42288 Prodinoceras - https://www.mindat.org/taxon-4831270.html Gobiatherium - https://www.prehistoric-wildlife.com/species/g/gobiatherium.html Eobasileus - https://www.prehistoric-wildlife.com/species/e/eobasileus.html Uintatherium - https://a-z-animals.com/animals/uintatherium/ Notiolofos - https://www.researchgate.net/publication/283170790_Considerations_about_the_Evolutionary_Stasis_of_Notiolofos_arquinotiensis_Mammalia_Sparnotheriodontidae_Eocene_of_Seymour_Island_Antarctica Theosodon - https://www.jstor.org/stable/24523455 Macrauchenia - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0016699504000646 Xenorhinotherium - https://www.theextinctions.com/xenorhinotherium-bahiense Diadiaphorus - https://www.prehistoric-wildlife.com/species/d/diadiaphorus.html Thoatherium - https://www.mindat.org/taxon-4834262.html Neolicaphrium - https://www.jstor.org/stable/25835813 Pyrotherium - https://www.prehistoric-wildlife.com/species/p/Pyrotherium.html Antarctodon - https://www.researchgate.net/figure/MLP-08-XI-30-1-right-p4-or-m1-holotype-of-Antarctodon-sobrali-gen-et-sp-nov-in-A_fig2_232687671 Astrapotherium - https://www.prehistoric-wildlife.com/species/a/astrapotherium.html Hilarcotherium - https://www.jstor.org/stable/24524171 Homalodotherium - https://www.prehistoric-wildlife.com/species/h/homalodotherium.html Chasicotherium - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chasicotherium Rhynchippus - https://www.prehistoric-wildlife.com/species/r/rhynchippus.html Toxodon - https://www.nhm.ac.uk/discover/what-is-toxodon.html Trigodon - https://prehistoric-fauna.com/Trigodon-gaudryi Hoffstetterius - https://www.mindat.org/taxon-4829894.html Protypotherium - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0895981120302194 Pachyrukhos - https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=43443&is_real_user=1 0:00 Introduction 0:30 Arctocyona 1:25 Condylarthra 2:10 Mesonychia 5:05 Phenacodontidae 5:55 Dinocerata 9:45 Litopterna 16:00 Pyrotheria 16:55 Astrapotheria 19:15 Notoungulata