Elliptic Curve Diffie-Hellman (ECDH) is a secure key exchange method used in modern cryptography. It allows two parties to generate a shared secret key over an insecure network without directly transmitting the key. ECDH is based on the mathematics of elliptic curves, which makes it more efficient and secure compared to traditional methods like the Diffie-Hellman algorithm. It is widely used in applications such as secure messaging, HTTPS, and blockchain systems to ensure private and safe communication.