ESKAPE Pathogens

ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE is increasing day by day. Worldwide it is considered a serious threat. This video talks about mechanisms that bacteria use for escaping antibiotics effect., and ESKAPE actually stands for some Gram-positive and Gram-negative microbes which have these strong mechanisms to fight back. CHAPTERSCAVAILABLE: 0:00 ESKAPE Pathogens Microbial concepts 0:43 Pathogen is one that has the potential to cause disease. * ESKAPE is an acronym for pathogens that are resistant to antibiotics. ESKAPE stands for their names and their ability to escape the effect of commonly used antibiotics. Including both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. 1:52 Enterococcus faecium Staphylococcus aureus Klebsiella pneumoniae Acinetobacter baumannii Pseudomonas aeruginosa Enterobacter species. 2:41 Antimicrobial Resistance Mechanisms of ESKAPE Pathogens 1. Drug Inactivation or Alteration: Bacteria produce enzymes that irreversibly modify and inactivate the antibiotics, such as 8-lactamases, aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes, or chloramphenicol acetyltransferases. One of the well-characterized enzymes is 8-lactamases. 4:26 Porin Loss: The outer membranes of Gram-negative bacteria contain proteins called porins that form channels that allow the passage of many hydrophilic substances, including antibiotics. A reduction in the number of porin proteins results in decreased drug influx into the cell, allowing the bacterium to develop resistance. 11:42 Enterobacter spp. Enterobacter species are non fastidious Gram-negative rods that are sometimes encapsulated. • Many Enterobacter strains contain ESBLs and carbapenemases, including VIM, OXA, Metallo-6- lactamase-1, and KPC. links for other videos: Drug resistant bacteria (MDR, XDR n PDR) https://youtu.be/m7JT04sUmyw Beta- lactamase https://youtu.be/lkdolzzPzf4 Quorum sensing: https://youtu.be/ExY5yUn7mwU Quorum Quenching : https://youtu.be/YjryvszkRF0 Biofuel cell: (1) Microbial fuel cell :- https://youtu.be/Yh3qJSyWyMY Biofuel cell (2): enzymatic fuel cell or what is enzymatic fuel cell? :- https://youtu.be/tLjId7s8vtc Ames test :- https://youtu.be/1XXsUygckn4 what are biosensors? :- https://youtu.be/6lp0IZPXai4 Introduction to fungi :- https://youtu.be/QbvFormxXwo pyrogen testing :- https://youtu.be/tzSJDXYGBHo Pathogenic determinants: Adhesion, Colonization and invasion (1) :- https://youtu.be/a-kAdBMiFNk Pathogenic determinants : Evasion (2) :- https://Youtu.be/gRXYeSqHnD4 Transgenic animals and plants:- https://youtu.be/W9cc8F6u70I Fungal biosensors :- https://youtu.be/KWJQV5nd3XI Bacterial endotoxin test: BET/LAL https://youtu.be/p6Iwuy1UfsQ Do share these videos with your friends. Enjoy learning!!! if you want videos on other topics do mention them in the comment box or email at [email protected]