If you ran the regression RT ~ B0 + B1 Age and the p-value for B1 is significant, can you state that Age predicts reaction time? Nope :) Age is associated with reaction time. This video clarifies the terminology and goals of explaining versus prediction.
Shmueli's paper
https://www.stat.berkeley.edu/~aldous/157/Papers/shmueli.pdf
Shmueli's blog post
http://www.galitshmueli.com/content/explain-or-predict
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