The masonry structures which are constructed to provide the designed bed slope of the channel, at suitable intervals, are called canal falls. The canal falls are necessary in the following conditions:
1. When the slope of the ground suddenly changes to steeper slope, the permissible bed slope cannot be maintained.
2. When the slope of the ground is more or less uniform and the slope is greater than the permissible bed slope of canal.
3. In cross-drainage works, when the difference between bed level of canal and that of drainage is small or when the F.S.L. of the canal is above the bed level of drainage.
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