Ionic bonding is the attraction among the ions that are created when metal atoms transfer electrons to nonmetal atoms. Ionic compounds form because of the large magnitude of the lattice energy. That is, even though energy is required to form the ions, much more energy is released when the ions attract each other to form a solid.
A covalent bond is the attraction between the nuclei of two nonmetal atoms and the electron pair they share. Each covalent bond has a specific energy and length that depend on the bonded atoms and an order that depends on the number of electron pairs shared. Chemists study the types of covalent bonds in a compound spectroscopically.
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