L30: Burrows-wheeler transform | compressing the genome

Welcome to Lecture 30 of the course "Algorithmic Thinking in Bioinformatics" Associate Prof. Manikandan Narayanan. Full Course: https://study.iitm.ac.in/ds/course_pages/BSBT4001.html Video Overview Step into the world of the Burrows Wheeler Transform and uncover its powerful role in modern bioinformatics. This lecture explores how the BWT revolutionizes the way we handle genomic data by enabling highly efficient compression and fast sequence searching. You will learn how the transform rearranges repeating patterns into consecutive runs, making large genomic datasets easier to store and process. We will dive into the limitations of suffix trees in terms of memory and see how the BWT offers a compact alternative. The elegant first last property will be introduced to show how we can invert the transform and accurately reconstruct the original sequence. Finally, we will bring everything together by showing how the BWT supports fast and memory efficient pattern matching across large genomes. Whether you are interested in data compression, algorithm design, or computational biology, this lecture offers a clear and engaging look at one of the most elegant tools in bioinformatics. About IIT Madras' online Bachelor of Science programme IIT Madras offers four-year BS programmes that aim to provide quality education to all, irrespective of age, educational background, or location. The BS programme has multiple levels, which provide flexibility to students to exit at any of these levels. Depending on the courses completed and credits earned, the learner can receive a Foundation Certificate from IITM CODE (Centre for Outreach and Digital Education), Diploma(s) from IIT Madras, or BSc/BS Degrees from IIT Madras. For more details, Visit: https://www.iitm.ac.in/academics/study-at-iitm/non-campus-bs-programmes #BurrowsWheelerTransform #BWT #SuffixArray #Genomics #Bioinformatics #PatternMatching #SequenceAlignment #DataCompression #GenomeMapping #Algorithms #DataStructures #SpaceEfficiency #LinearTime #FirstLastProperty #InvertingBWT #Genomes #ShortReads #SuffixTree #AlgorithmAnalysis #RunLengthEncoding #ConstantFactor #MemoryFootprint #Scalability #Clinics #GenomeCompression #ComputationalGenomics #Indexing #NextGenSequencing #BigDataBioinformatics #GenomicAlgorithms #ReadMapping #BioData #TextAlgorithms #BioinformaticsTools