Bulk density is one of the physical properties of soil. To calculate the bulk density, take the weight/mass of a dry soil sample and divide it by the volume. The higher the bulk density, the more solids there are in a given space and the less pore space within.
In other words, the soil is compacted. Soil compaction happens when regular traffic occurs over soil, compressing the solids closer together. As soil is more compacted, bulk density increases and plant growth is affected because less air, water, and root space is available. Also, toxic gases have a harder time getting out into the air, which can kill roots.
To limit soil compaction and reduce bulk density, try the following:
- avoid recurring traffic over unprotected soil ESPECIALLY when the soil is wet
- use equipment with tracks instead of wheels to disperse the weight over a larger area
- use a compressed air device (e.g. airknife, air spade) to loosen the soil
- cover the soil with a thick layer of wood chips to increase biological activity and act as a physical buffer
