TCP/IP Model in Networking

TCP/IP model is a conceptual model which helps to understand how the nodes communicate with each other. It is a set of documents. It is like architectural blue print for building a house. TCI/IP was developed by Department of Defiance in the 1970s, To better understand, TCP/IP model is divided into 5 layers. In some of the books four instead of five layer are mentioned. The combined layers of data-link layer and physical layer is known as network interface layer, network access layer or link layer Each layer perform some specific function to help node communicate. That specific function is defined by set of rules called protocols. Application Layer: It allows user to use their applications like Google chrome or whatsapp to user Internet resources. It acts as an interface between user applications and the network resources like file, printer etc. Common application layer protocols are HTTP, POP3, SMTP. Transport Layer: Port addressing to identify application programs. Segmentation – division into parts. Ensures message delivery in sequence. Provides reliability by acknowledgement. Common transport layer protocols are TCP and UDP. Network Layer: Network layer packages data into packets. Header has the source and destination address. Common network layer protocols are IP, ICMP. Network Layer: Network layer carries data from one network to another. Uses logical addressing called IP address. Routing: Selects best path among the available paths from source to destination. Datalink Layer: Responsible for hop to hop delivery using physical addressing. Defines protocol and hardware to forward data. Responsible to create frame. Responsible for media access control. Ensure error free transmission between nodes. Physical Layer: Binary data is encoded and transmitted as per the media Binary data can be in in electrical or light signals. It defines media types and connection types. #TCPIPModel #OSIModel