This video goes over the major distinct phases of the cardiac cycle as delineated by valve opening and closure, introduces the ventricular pressure-volume loop and its interpretation, and delineates approximate values for normal pressures and flows in the human circulatory system. Learning objectives are to: (1.) Describe the pressure and volume changes in the atria, the ventricles, and the aorta during each phase of the cardiac cycle; (2.) Define normal values for ventricular end-diastolic volume, end-systolic volume, stroke volume, diastolic pressure, peak systolic pressure, aortic diastolic pressure, systolic pressure, and pulse pressure.
