Whole Numbers

The number system most widely used in the world today is known as the Hindu-Arabic numeral system, or decimal number system. The decimal number system uses the 10 Hindu-Arabic symbols 0 through 9. In this place value system, the position of a digit to the left or right of the decimal point affects its value. This system is far superior to any other for today’s complex business calculations. It derives its name from the Latin words decimus, meaning 10th, and decem, meaning 10. The decimal system is based on 10s, with the starting point marked by a dot known as the decimal point. The major advantage of our decimal system over previous systems is that the position of a digit to the left or right of the decimal point affects its value. This enables us to write any number with only the 10 single-digit numbers, 0 through 9. Rounded numbers are frequently used to estimate an answer to a problem before that problem is worked. Estimation approximates the exact answer. By knowing an estimate of an answer in advance, you will be able to catch many math errors. Addition is the mathematical process of computing sets of numbers to find their sum, or total. The numbers being added are known as addends, and the result or answer of the addition is known as the sum, total, or amount. Subtraction is the mathematical computation of taking away, or deducting, an amount from a given number. The original or top number is the minuend; the amount we are subtracting from the original number is the subtrahend; and the answer is the difference. Multiplication of whole numbers is actually a shortcut method for addition. Division of whole numbers is the process of determining how many times one number is contained within another number.