U 10

**Unit: Visual Practices of Traditional Communities** --- ### **1. Defining Traditional Communities** * Small-scale societies * Indigenous cultural practices * Dependent on wildlife / nature --- ### **2. Indigenous Knowledge** * Oral narratives * Cosmological observations * Planting and harvesting techniques * Hunting and gathering skills * Manufacture of specialized tools --- ### **3. Contemporary Transformations of Art** #### **Chinese Sculpture** * Imagery concept * Freehand brushwork * Spirit of unity #### **Western vs Eastern Art** * Western: Rational realism and rules * Eastern: Emotion, idea, and rhythm --- ### **4. Folk Art in India** #### **Major Schools** * Mughal School * Rajasthani School * Nakashi Art #### **Regional Paintings** * Tanjore (South India) * Madhubani (Bihar) * Warli (Maharashtra) * Pattachitra #### **Folk Music and Dance** * Instruments: Flute, Santoor, Dholak * Bihu (Assam) * Lavani (Maharashtra) * Theyyam (Kerala) --- ### **5. Tribal and Craft Practices** #### **Handicraft Categories** * Consumer goods * Processing industries * Decorative items #### **Tribal Economy** * Barter system roots * Weekly markets (Haats) * Middleman exploitation * Livelihood from forestry and agriculture #### **Preservation** * Handicrafts emporiums * Government interventions * Skill inheritance ---